清代山西泽州府村社禁山目的探析

Aims of Forbidding Destroying Mountain Resources in Villages of Ze State during Qing Dynasty

在清代山西泽州府,村社进行了以禁止土方工程、禁止放牧、禁止毁坏树木为主要内容的禁山活动。禁山目的是培补残缺风脉,以壮村落运势;防止资源匮乏,维护村落安全;美化山岭环境,增加可观赏性;维护神灵居所,使其免遭侵扰。不过,此时禁山并没有考虑防止水土流失、环境污染问题,不同于工业化以后的环境保护,同时具有强烈的神秘主义色彩。它反映了一个长时段、全局性的问题,即山地农耕社会的民众较早注意到了生态保护问题并为此付出了努力。这为进一步认识传统乡村社会的建设提供了新的角度。

Village’s community of Ze State of Shaxi Province during Qing Dynasty led the activity of forbiding destroying mountain resources including forbidding the earthworks, the graze and damaging trees.The main aims were to supplement the incomplete fate vein to strengthen the village’s fortune,prevent lack of resource and safeguard village, beautify the mountain’s environment to add visual interest, prevent the temples in which gods live from being destroyed. The activity didn’t consider water loss,soil erosion or environmental pollution which was different from the environmental protection after industrialization.It also had strong tendency of mysticism. It was not an individual case, but a long-term and overal activity,indicating that the people in the mountainous farming society had noticed earlier that it was necessary to protect the ecological environment and made efforts for it, which provided a new perspective for the traditional rural society.