农村产业融合视角下的农户收入结构差异分析及其政策含义——来自湖北微观调查的证据

Research on the Difference of Farmers’ Income Structure and Policy Implication Based on the Background of Rural Industry Integration: Evidence from Hubei Rural Household Survey

农户收入结构持续优化和收入差异的合理控制是实现农村产业高质量融合和解决农村贫富差距问题的前提。本文基于湖北宜昌、随州732户微观调查数据,利用基尼系数和泰尔指数分解方法,对农村产业融合下农户收入状况及其结构性差异进行分解。结果表明:融合组的户均收入水平及不平等状况明显高于非融合组,而融合组和非融合组家庭增收渠道差异导致农户收入分布呈现出明显的结构异质性。进一步依据收入结构进行基尼系数分解后发现,融合组非农经营性收入对收入不平等的贡献高达70.63%,其边际贡献率为正且表现为收入差距扩大,是农村产业融合影响农户收入分配差距的重要诱因。而融合组农户农业经营性收入、工资性收入和转移性收入的边际贡献率为负,减轻了农户收入总体差异。此外,按产业融合和地区子群对泰尔指数分解后则证实了是否参与产业融合和不同主导产业子群的组内差距对农户收入不平等的贡献率明显大于组间差距。为此,在推动农村产业融合的同时,应当完善农户利益联结机制,并有效防控产业融合下农户内部收入差异。

The continuous optimization of farmers' income structure and the reasonable control of income differences are the prerequisites for achieving high- quality integration of rural industries and solving the gap between the rich and the poor in rural areas. Based on the micro- survey data of 732 farmer households in Yichang and Suizhou of Hubei Province, this paper examined the differences and the income structure of farmers by using the Theil index and Gini index. The results show that the household income and its inequality of the industrial- integration- group farmers are significantly higher than that of the non- industrial integration group, which means that the heterogeneity of the farmers’ income source is an important reason for the income structure differences. According to the income source structure, the Gini coefficient is decomposed, and it is found that the non- agricultural income of the fusion group contributes 70.63% to the income inequality, and its marginal contribution rate is positive and the income gap is expanded, which may be the important incentive for rural industry integration to affect the income distribution gap of farmers. Furthermore, when the average non- agricultural operating income is increased 1%, its total Gini index may increase by 0.2371%. The marginal contribution rate of farmer household agricultural income, wage income and transfer income is negative, which means that the total income inequality of farmers is reduced. Further decomposition of the Theil index by industry integration and regional subgroups confirms that the contribution rate of the industrial integration type and regional subgroups to the income inequality of farmers is significantly greater than the gap between the groups. The government should promote the integration of rural industries and explore the linkage mechanism of rural industrial chain to alleviate the inequality of farmers’ income.