预期类型对“亏”构式的语用制约

Pragmatic Constraints of Expectation Patterns for “Kui” Construction

“亏”构式具有三种语用功能:表示感谢或庆幸的“亏1”;表示感叹或赞扬的“亏2”;表示批评或指责的“亏3”。“亏”构式语用功能的不同与说话人心理预期的有无及预期方向有关。“亏1”是说话人没有预期,“亏2”是超预期,“亏3”为反预期。“亏”和“益”的相反相成关系是“亏”构式可以表达不同语用的语义基础;说话人的主观预期是“亏”构式表达不同语义功能的主观动因。

The “kui” construction has three pragmatic functions:“kui1” for gratitude,“kui2” for exclamation, and “kui3” for criticism. They are related to the status and directions of a speaker’ s psychological expectation. Specifically,“kui1” comes from the absence of the speaker’ s expectations, while “kui2” and “kui3” originate from different directions of expectations, with “kui2” from surpassing expectations and “kui3” from falling short of expectations. The “kui” construction could carry either positive exclamations or passive plaints, which ismainly determined by the speaker’ s subjective cognizance, psychological expectation and emotional propensity.