论国际贸易中转基因农产品安全的国际法规制

Research on the International Regulations of the Safety of Genetically Modified Products in International Trade

WTO框架下的协议侧重保护贸易自由,《生物多样性公约》及其项下的《卡塔赫纳生物安全议定书》则以保护环境及人类身体健康为中心。二者保护利益不同,对国际贸易中转基因农产品安全的规制在立法原则以及规制方法上都存在很大的矛盾。如何协调二者之间的矛盾,平衡转基因农产品的风险和利益,加强对国际贸易中转基因农产品安全方面的国际法规制,是急需解决的问题。本文通过对比分析,提出了细化预防原则的风险级别、条约中设置冲突解决条款以及依托争端解决机制明确预防原则的国际法地位解决冲突等解决问题的可能路径。

The agreement under the framework of WTO aims to protect free trade, however, the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) and the Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety (CPB) under CBD aim to protect the environment and people s health. The different purposes of protection cause the conflict between the legislative principles and the regulations of the safety of genetically modified products in international trade. Therefore, how to coordinate the conflict, balance the risk and benefit of genetically modified products and strengthen the international regulations is still an urgent problem to be solved. This paper propose some possible ways by analysis and comparison to solve the above question, such as refining the risk level, adding the disputes resolution clause in treaties and relying on the dispute settlement mechanism to define the status of precautionary principle in international law.