播期对辽南地区耐盐碱水稻生长发育及产量的影响

Effect of sowing date on growth,development and yield of saline-alkali tolerant rice in southern Liaoning province

为了研究播期对辽南地区水稻(OryzasativeL.)生长发育及产量的影响,以该地主栽耐盐碱水稻品种盐丰47为试验材料,设置4个不同播期,分别为4月5日(S1)、4月15日(CK)、4月25日(S2)和5月5日(S3),分析不同播期对辽南地区耐盐碱水稻生长发育及产量的影响。结果表明,播期提前引起水稻全生育期延长,播期推迟引起水稻全生育期缩短;播期提前和推迟均导致盐丰47株高在营养生长期(三叶期至拔节期)高于CK,生殖生长期(乳熟期)低于CK;提前和推迟播种盐丰47水稻叶面积在分蘖期至抽穗期总体大于CK,乳熟期后低于CK;提前和推迟播种水稻地上部干物重分蘖期至拔节期均高于CK,抽穗期均低于CK。4个播期中CK理论产量最高,S2每穗粒数、每穗实粒数最高;提前播种水稻每穗粒数、每穗实粒数、千粒重和理论产量均低于CK,推迟播种水稻千粒重和理论产量均低于CK。辽南地区耐盐碱水稻的适宜播期为4月15—25日,可以在影响水稻生长发育生物量及产量指标的关键时期采取适当措施增加株高、叶面积、地上部干物重,以实现后期的高产。

In order to study the effect of sowing date on rice (Oryza sative L.) in southern Liaoning province, the saline-alkaline tolerant rice variety Yanfeng 47 was used as the experimental material, setting 4 different sowing dates, which was on April 5(S1), April15(CK), April25(S2), and May 5 (S3), to analyze the effects of sowing date on the growth, development and yield of salt-tolerant rice. The results showed that the early sowing led to prolong the entire growth period of rice, delayed sowing date caused a decrease in the total days of rice growth. Both the advance and postponement of the sowing date resulted in higher plant heights in the vegetative growth stage (three-leaf stage to jointing stage) of the rice in the Yanfeng 47 than in the CK, and the plant height in the reproductive growth stage (milk-ripe stage) was lower than that in the CK. Leaf area of Yanfeng 47 under the early and delayed sowing situation was larger than that of CK during the tillering stage to the heading stage, and was lower than CK after the ripening stage. The above-ground dry matter under the early and delayed sowing situation was higher than CK during the tillering stage to the jointing stage, and was lower than that of CK at heading stage. The highest theoretical yield was CK in 4 sowing dates;the highest grain number and grain number of spikes was S2. The number of grains per panicle, number of grains per panicle, 1 000-grain weight, and theoretical yield under the early sowing date was lower than those of CK. The 1000-grain weight and theoretical yield under the delayed sowing date was lower than CK.The suitable sowing date for salt-tolerant rice in southern Liaoning province is April 15 to 25, and it is possible to take appropriate measures to increase the plant height, leaf area, and dry matter weight in the shoot during the critical period that affects the growth and development of rice biomass and yield indicators so as to achieve high yield in the later period.