说钩膺——兼论“罗缨”、“纂緐”及其他

On the ‘Gouying’

传世文献中常见的"钩膺",古代学者一般都解释为"樊缨"。根据出土文献和考古实物来看,"钩膺"不是"樊缨",而应该是两件马饰。"钩",是"娄颔之钩",已经有实物出土;"膺",可能就是秦陵铜车马、洛阳中州路战国车马坑两骖马的"缨环"。

The term ‘gouying’(钩膺) widely appears in transmitted texts. However, scholars usually interpret this term as ‘fanying’(樊缨). According to both excavated texts and archaeological artifacts, this paper proposes that ‘gouying’should not be ‘fanying’. Instead, this term should refer to two types of horse-riding gears.‘Gou’ refers to ‘louhanzhi gou’(娄颔之钩), and corresponding artifacts were found. Meanwhile,‘ying’ means ‘yinghuan’(缨环), which were found on the bronze chariots and horses of the Qin Shihuang Mausoleum and the chariot pits of the Warring States period in Zhongzhoulu, Luoyang.