都市人类学视角中的上海“士绅化”实践:集体记忆、空间重构和地方归属感

The Practice of “Gentrification” in Shanghai from the Perspective of Urban Anthropology: Collective Memory,Spatial Reconfiguration,and the Sense of Place Attachment

本文对始于1998年的田野体验和实地观察进行反思,以普通民众话语实践中的空间二元论入手,探讨上海城市转型语境中记忆与地方归属感之间的关系,同时观察、了解、体会和分析具有新上海特色的“士绅化”进程对于城市社区重塑的深远影响。研究表明:摧枯拉朽般的造城运动未曾减弱当地人对于特定场所和公共空间的集体记忆和想象,同时在日常生活中这种地方归属感会随着社会分层的加剧在特定的时间和场合,以各种方式加以呈现,成为当代都市话语和实践中的有机组成部分。

This paper intends to reflect on the ethnographic field research launched in 1998 and explore the relationship between communal memory and place attachment in the context of Shanghai′s ongoing transformation, using the spatial dichotomy from the everyday discourse of the city-dwellers as an entry point. Meanwhile this paper makes an analysis of the profound impact of “gentrification” process on the reconfiguration of communities in urban Shanghai. As initial findings suggest, the sea change brought forth with decades of city-building has hardly weakened the power of collective memory and imagination pertaining to particular localities and public space. Meanwhile in routine life the sense of place attachment will manifest itself in different forms at particular times and on various occasions, and hence become an organic component of the contemporary urban discourse and practice.