青岛石雀滩海域人工鱼礁材料对附着生物群落结构的影响

Effect of Different Artificial Reefs on the Community Structure of Organisms in Shique Beach of Qingdao

为研究不同礁体材料对附着生物群落结构的影响,本研究在山东青岛石雀滩海域进行附着生物挂板实验,挂板材料包括普通硅酸盐水泥(P)、添加贝壳粉硅酸盐水泥(S)、钢板(F)。结果显示,共鉴定出附着生物69种,其中,贝壳粉硅酸盐水泥挂板最多(53种),其次是普通硅酸盐水泥挂板(51种),钢板最少(31种)。普通硅酸盐水泥挂板和粉硅酸盐水泥挂板的优势种均为褶牡蛎(Ostrea plicatula)、紫贻贝(Mytilusgallo provincialis)和麦秆虫(Caprella sp.);钢板的优势种为紫贻贝、麦秆虫和青岛板钩虾(Stenothoe qingdaoensis)。9~11月为生物附着高峰期。粉硅酸盐水泥挂板的平均生物量最高,达到4717.50g/m^2,普通硅酸盐水泥挂板次之,为2621.12g/m^2,钢板最小,为163.85g/m^2。附着生物Shannon-Wiener多样性指数(H')和Pielou均匀度指数(J)平均值均为钢板>普通硅酸盐水泥>粉硅酸盐水泥。研究表明,添加贝壳粉硅酸盐水泥的生物种类和生物量最大,生物附着效果最好。本研究为人工鱼礁附着生物群落特征的研究和人工鱼礁材料的选择提供了参考依据。

To study the structure of organism attachment on artificial reefs made of different materials, we prepared artificial reefs with three types of materials: Ordinary portland cement(P), scallop shell portland cement (S), and iron plates(F). The artificial reefs were exposed to the marine environment near Shique Beach, Qingdao, in May 2017. We collected samples to analyze the effect of different reef materials on organism attachment on the artificial reef in July, September, November, 2017 and January 2018. The results showed that, in total, 69 species of attached organisms were identified. The numbers of species on ordinary portland cement, scallop portland cement, and iron plate reefs were 51, 53, and 31, respectively. The dominant species on the ordinary portland cement and scallop portland cement reefs were Caprella sp., Ostrea plicatula, and Mytilusgallo provincialis;the dominant species on iron plate reefs were Caprella sp., M. provincialis, and Stenothoe qingdaoensis. Biological attachment peaked between September and November. We found the highest average biomass of fouling organisms on scallop portland cement (4717.50 g/m^2), followed by ordinary portland cement (2621.12 g/m^2), and iron plates (163.85 g/m^2). In July 2017, the Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) of fouling organisms was observed to follow the order P>S>F;in September 2017, the order was S>P>F;in November 2017, the order was P>S>F;and in January 2018, the order was F>P>S. In July 2017, the Pielou evenness index (J) followed the order F>P>S. In September 2017, the order was S>F>P;in November 2017, the order was F>S>P;and in January 2018, the order was F>P>S. Our study showed that scallop portland cement attracted the largest biological species and biomass, and was most suitable for organism attachment. This study provides a reference for the evaluation of the characteristics of biological communities attached to artificial reefs and the selection of artificial reef materials.