SWAT模型在缺资料地区的应用——以高明河为例

Application of SWAT Model in Data-deficient Regions——Taking Gaoming River Basin as an Example

将SWAT分布式水文模型应用于珠江三角洲地区的佛山市高明河流域,利用GIS强大的空间分析与数据处理能力,对流域流量、气象、DEM、土地利用、土壤等水文气象和下垫面资料进行分析处理,率定模型参数,研究SWAT模型在降雨资料系列短、无长系列实测的河道水位流量数据、缺少有效的水文预报方案等缺资料的中小流域或区域的适用性,并分析误差原因。采用相对误差、相关系数以及Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数三项指标对模型进行评价检验,率定期和验证期的相对误差均在0.2以下,相关系数均在0.6以上,Nash-Sutcliffe效率系数均在0.5以上。结果表明,SWAT分布式水文模型能够对高明河流域日时间尺度水文过程进行准确模拟,达到GB/T22482—2008《水文情报预报规范》中精度评定的丙级,在缺资料的珠三角中小流域具有较好的适用性。

This paper investigates the applicability of the SWAT distributed hydrological model in the areas that still lack necessary supporting data, by applying this model in Foshan City’s Gaoming River Basin of the Pearl River Delta Region. This model employs the GIS, which is of powerful capability of spatial analysis and data processing, to process the river basin discharge, meteorological conditions, DEM, land use, soil conditions, and other fundamental data, before calibrating the model’s parameters to better fit the application scenario. Furthermore, the applicability of the SWAT model in data-data medium and small-sized Basins are then studied, followed by an analysis of the cause of errors during the application. Tests running on the model’s parameters reveal that the relative error of the model eventually drops to below 0.2, while the correlation coefficient and the Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient were above 0.6 and 0.5 respectively throughout the period of simulation and verification, which suggests that the model can accurately simulate the hydrological process of the Gaoming River Basin on a daily time scale, and achieve Grade C of accuracy in Standard for Hydrological Information and Hydrological Forecasting (GB/T 22482-2008). Therefore, it can be inferred that the model has good applicability in the said data-deficient areas.