减速伞收口状态气动特性仿真与试验研究

Numerical Simulation and Experimental Study on Aerodynamic Characteristics of Reefed Decelerating Parachute

减速伞是回收着陆系统中重要的气动减速装置,其气动特性关系着整个减速着陆过程的成败。由于减速伞开伞动压高、载荷大的特点,结构设计及参数选择非常关键,并且,为减小开伞动载,一般采用底边收口的形式控制伞衣逐级充气展开。文章所述的减速伞具有两级收口装置,基于某伞型为带条伞的减速伞进行了收口状态的数值仿真分析和风洞试验研究。利用流固耦合方法获得了减速伞的收口展开过程中典型阶段的气动外形,采用计算流体力学(Computational Fluid Dynamics,CFD)方法对收口状态下的减速伞进行了气动特性计算分析。同时,为考察减速伞收口状态的稳态阻力特性及收口解除过程中的阻力特性变化,并验证收口解除装置的工作可靠性,在亚声速风洞中对减速伞进行了稳态及动态解除收口试验。通过减速伞风洞实验,对其阻力面积及动态特性参数进行了测量,实验结果表明仿真计算能够较为准确的预测减速伞收口状态的气动及动力学特性,且误差不大于5%,从而能够为减速伞的结构及强度设计提供重要依据。

Decelerating parachute is an important pneumatic instrument of the recovery landing system. Aerodynamic characteristics determine the success or failure of the whole deceleration and landing process. Because of the high opening dynamic pressure and payload, design of the aerodynamic configuration is an emphasis. In addition, to reduce the dynamic load during the opening process, the skirt of canopy is generally controlled to achieve gradual expansion. The decelerating parachute described in this paper has a two-stage reefed configuration. In this paper, research of numerical simulation and wind tunnel test on the decelerating parachute with striped canopies in reefed state are carried out. The aerodynamic shape of decelerating parachute in the typical stages of opening procedure is obtained by using the fluid-structure coupling method, and the aerodynamic performance in the critical states of liberalizing reefed parachute are calculated and analyzed utilizing CFD method. Simultaneously, to investigate the static drag in the reefed stages and its variation of the decelerating parachute during the process of deployment, and to verify the working reliability of the reefing device, steady and dynamic tests are implemented in a subsonic wind tunnel, and drag area and dynamic characteristics of the parachute are measured. The experimental results show that the simulation can accurately predict the aerodynamic and dynamic characteristic of the parachute of reefed state with error less than 5%, and can provide an important basis for structure and strength design.