苗族村寨聚居空间特征及其重构策略分析——以贵州雷山县雀鸟苗寨为例

Analysis on Rural Settlement Spatial Characteristics and Reconstruction Strategy in Miao Minority Community ——Taking Queniao Miao Minority Community in Leishan County, Guizhou Province as an Example

以地处雷公山腹地的贵州省雷山县方祥乡雀鸟苗寨为典型案例,运用聚居空间剖析及聚居空间重构模式研究途径解构了雀鸟苗寨聚居空间选址及其聚居规模核心在于田(土),即以田(土)为中心,以山、水为骨架.通过实地调查和数理分析,得出雀鸟苗寨纯农业型农户占77.37%,兼业型占5.84%,非农型占16.79%;农户宅基地面积从大到小依次为:兼业型(121.25m^2)、纯农业型(102.03m^2)、非农型(101.96m^2).针对雀鸟苗寨聚居空间存在问题,提出了以传统村落保护与开发为出发点,通过对外部环境要素空间重构,提升苗族同胞的"乡愁"记忆和打造苗族村寨的"理想家园".认为雀鸟苗寨农户应充分发挥宅基地多功能性,发展现代种养殖业,构建了庭院多功能垂直叠加型和偏平排列型两种农户宅基地庭院空间重构策略.

In this paper,we take the case of Queniao Miao Minority Community in Fangxiang Town,Leishan County,Guizhou Province as a typical case,which Located in the hinterland of Leigong Mountain.By means of field surveys and mathematical analysis,it is believed that the main factor affecting the location and its size is the paddy land or dry land.That is,the paddy land or dry land is the center,and the mountains and water are the skeletons.The results of the study indicate that the pure agricultural peasant households accounted for 77.37% in Queniao Miao Minority Community,the concurrently peasant households accounted for 5.84%,and the non-agricultural peasant households accounted for 16.79%.The homestead area reducing as concurrently peasant households(121.25 m 2)、 pure agricultural peasant households(102.03 m 2)、 non-agricultural peasant households(101.96 m 2).In view of the problems existing in the Miao Minority Community settlement space,this paper proposes starting from the protection and development of traditional Miao Minority Community.Then by reconstructing the spatial elements of the external environment,Raising the Memory of the "Homesickness" of the Miao Minority,and create an "ideal home" for the Miao Minority Community.It is believed that the peasant households of the Queniao Miao Minority Community should give full play to the versatility of its homestead to develop a modern breed farming.Finally,this paper constructs two kinds of space reconstructing strategy of rural households,which are multifunctional vertical superposition and flat alignment.