小型反应堆安全特性比较分析

Comparative Analysis of the Safety Characteristics of Small Reactors

随着全球核电的发展,小型堆由于具有高安全性、结构简化、用途广泛等特点而受到越来越多国家的关注。研发设计小型反应堆,提高堆型的安全性、多应用性,是未来核电发展一个重要选择。针对世界上众多的小型堆技术,文章介绍了轻水堆、高温气冷堆、液态金属反应堆、熔盐堆四种反应堆技术为代表的主要堆型,对比其设计特点和设计参数,总结了小型反应堆总体安全特征,并对四种小型反应堆的固有安全特性和工程安全设计进行分析,为后续的堆型发展提供思路。

With the development of nuclear power, because of the characteristics of high safety, simplified structure and wide use, small reactors are attracting more and more attention. The development and design of small reactors to improve the safety and application of reactors is an important choice for the development of nuclear power in the future. In view of the existing small reactor technology, four kinds of reactor technologies, such as light water reactor, high temperature gas cooled reactor, liquid metal reactor and molten salt reactor, are introduced. The design characteristics and design parameters are summarized and compared, in particular, the inherent safety characteristics and engineering safety design of the four types of heap are analyzed, providing ideas for the development of small reactors.