民国四大文学史的文学观之比较

A Comparative Study of the Literary Views of the Four Great Literary Histories in the Republic of China

20世纪初由林传甲、谢无量、钱基博和郑振铎这四家所著的四版中国文学史对作家作品的评价存在差异。林传甲版倡导文学要致实用和钱基博版对文学独立审美价值的发掘代表倡实用和重审美这两种不同的文学观。从郑振铎版对文学情感属性的重视能看出现代纯文学观的发生,其他三版对文学情感性的忽视则更多偏向于杂文学观。林传甲版和钱基博版对俗文学的忽视、郑振铎版对俗文学的重视和谢无量版对雅俗文体的兼顾代表对待雅俗文学的三种态度。这些差异就是四版文学史文学观的差异。通过这些比较可以看出文学是一个变化发展的概念,只有平视古今、文质、雅俗、纯杂这些区分才能树立一个健全的文学观。

At the beginning of the 20th century, the four editions of literary histories written by Lin Chuanjia, Xie Wuliang, Qian Jibo and Zheng Zhenduo have some differences in the evaluation of writers and their works. The practicality of literature advocated by Lin and the independent aesthetic value of literature explored by Qian represented two different literary views of pragmatism and aesthetics. It can be seen from Zheng Zhenduo's emphasis on the emotional attribute of literature that the modern pure literature view occurs, while the other three editions' neglect of literary emotion is more inclined to the view of miscellaneous literature. The editions of Lin and Qian's neglect popular literature,the edition of Zheng's emphases popular literature and the edition of Xie's takes care of elegant literature and popular literature. These differences are the differences of the four editions of literary history and literary view. Through these comparisons, it can be seen that literature is a concept of change and development. Only by looking at the distinction between ancient and modern, literary quality, refined and vulgar, pure and miscellaneous, can we establish a sound view of literature.