从“特殊性”到“去特殊性”——人工智能法律规制路径审视

From “Speciality” To “De-Speciality”——Artificial Intelligence Legal Regulation Path Review

人工智能已然深入当前的社会生活,不仅以机器形式表现人类智慧并渗透于人类的各个行业和部门,并且同时带来诸多的风险和潜在的危机。传统的法律体系对这一科技产物难以实现有效约束,当下需要以“特殊性”路径对人工智能实现规范。基于法律规范的困境和人工智能的特殊性,这一特殊性的思路将人工智能的全部活动和状态以场域为单位的拆分,并以人工智能不同场域下的智能化或非智能化的状态、以人或物的身份进行分别的“特殊性”法律约束。而随着人工智能技术的发展和人工智能智能性的提升,需要进行与“特殊性”相对应的“去特殊性”路径,使人工智能可以不断趋向于人的身份融入当下法律体系。由此,实现在当前法律体系稳定的前提下对人工智能进行法律约束的法学时代命题。

Artificial intelligence has penetrated into current social life, not only expressing human wisdom in the form of machines and penetrating into all sectors of human beings, but also bringing many risks and potential crises. The traditional legal system is difficult to achieve effective constraints on this scientific and technological product. At present, AI must be standardized by the way of “particularity”. Based on the dilemma of legal norms and the particularity of AI, the idea of particularity refers to the division of all AI activities and states into fields, and the “particularity” legal constraints on the states of intelligence or objects in different fields of AI or the identities of persons or objects. With the development of AI technology and the improvement of AI intelligence, the path of “de-particularity” corresponding to “particularity” is needed, so that AI can be integrated into the current legal system. Thus, the legal era proposition of legally restricting AI under the current stable legal system can be realized.