中日“间岛问题”交涉(1907—1931)

The Sino-Japanese Negotiations for Jiandao in 1907-1931

从1907年起,日本为了其侵略利益挑起“间岛问题”,严重危害中国领土主权和东北地区的安全。经过激烈交涉,1909年中日签订《图们江中韩界务条款》,以将“间岛”领土主权、杂居区域朝鲜人管辖权归于中方而暂告结束。但此后日本以设在延边5个商埠地的领事馆作为据点,以“保护”朝鲜人为借口,不断破坏《图们江中韩界务条款》,并派领事馆警察不断向商埠地外杂居区域进行渗透、扩张,擅自扩大对朝鲜人管辖权,致使中日交涉仍然持续不断且更趋复杂激烈,直至九一八事变。中日“间岛问题”交涉的实质是双方在延边地区进行的渗透与反渗透、扩张与反扩张、侵略与反侵略的外交斗争。中方各级官员经过努力,在一定程度上抵制和延缓了日本的渗透、扩张进程。

Since 1907, Japan had initiated the dispute over Jiandao for its own interest in imperial expansion and thus seriously jeopardized the Chinese sovereignty and the safety of the Northeast region. After the furious negotiation, the Chinese and Japanese governments signed a treaty in 1909 to settle down the problem with the temporary solution that the territory of Jiandao and the administrative power of the Korean population in this area belonged to China.Afterwards, however, based on the consular offices in the five trading cities in Yanbian, Japan constantly violated the 1909 treaty. In the name of protecting the Koreans, Japanese consular policemen were sent to the areas outside the trading cities to expand the power to rule the Korean population. As a result, the Sino-Japanese negotiations continued and became more and more complicated and radicalized until the Mukden Incidence in 1931. The Sino-Japanese negotiations over Jiandao were indeed the diplomatic fights between the two countries in the Yanbian area. To some extents, the efforts of the Chinese officials at various levels resisted and delayed the Japanese infiltration and expansion in this area.