农地流转收入效应评估与驱动机制辨析

Income Effect Evaluation and Driving Mechanism Analysis of Farmland Transfer

采用倾向得分匹配法和多元线性回归模型,探讨农地流转对不同流转行为类型农户家庭收入的作用效果,辨析转出户和转入户收入变化的驱动机制.研究结果表明:1)农地流转确实存在农户收入效应,对转出户和转入户家庭人均总收入的增长效应为20.5%和17.3%.2)转出户和转入户家庭收入变化的驱动机制存在较大差异.转出户家庭收入增长依赖农地资产变现机制和劳动分工优化机制,农地资产变现机制占主导地位.转入户家庭收入增长依赖规模报酬递增机制驱动,农地资产变现和劳动分工优化机制尚未充分发挥作用.为促进农地流转收入效应的持续实现,应采取稳定流转租金、引导非农就业、发展农村金融等措施,增强新型农业经营主体对小农户的带动能力,促进转出户和转入户利益共享.

Methods of propensity score matching(PSM) and multiple linear regression were employed to study the income effect of farmland transfer, and analyze differences in driving mechanism between transfer-out households(TOH) and transfer-in households(TIH). The results showed that farmland transfer did have an effect on farmers’ income, its growth effect of per-capita income being higher for TOH(20.5%) than for TIH(17.3%). The driving mechanisms of family income change between TOH and TIH were quite different. The income effect of TOH derived from the mechanism of turning their farmland property into cash and the mechanism of labor division optimization, the former taking a leading position;while the income effect of TIH was mainly influenced by the mechanism of increasing returns to scale and the functions of the mechanisms of turning farmland property into cash, and labor division optimization had not yet been fully realized. It was concluded that the government should take measures such as stabilizing the land rent level and promoting off-farm employment and rural finance to realize the income effect of farmland transfer continuously. The driving capacity of new agricultural management entities towards small farmers should be enhanced to promote the benefit-sharing mechanism between TOH and TIH.