基于可持续生计的森林公园边缘型乡村旅游扶贫绩效研究——以张家界武陵源区为例

Researches on Poverty Alleviation Performance of Marginal Rural Tourism in Forest Parks Based on Sustainable Livelihood Approach: A case study of Wulingyuan

通过德尔菲法与层次分析法构建了基于可持续生计的森林公园边缘型乡村旅游扶贫绩效指标体系,利用改进的熵值法确定了各项指标的权重并构建了乡村旅游扶贫绩效加权平均综合评价模型,并运用改模型对武陵源区的乡村旅游扶贫绩效进行了综合评价。研究结果显示:武陵源区乡村旅游扶贫绩效综合评价值为0.8176,扶贫绩效成果显著;生计资本是武陵源区乡村旅游扶贫绩效的核心评价指标;不同类型脱贫农户家庭的生计资本结构存在较为明显的差异。对不同类型的脱贫农户提供有针对性的可持续生计资本支持、推行“特色产业+乡村旅游”的防返贫模式、多途径保护好乡村旅游发展的生态环境等,有利于巩固森林公园边缘型乡村旅游扶贫绩效,可实现已脱贫农户的可持续生计。

The performance index system and weighted average comprehensive standard model of poverty alleviation in marginal rural tourism of Forest Park Based on sustainable livelihood are constructed by Delphi method.The weight of each index is determined by improved entropy method and the weighted average comprehensive standard model is constructed.The performance of poverty alleviation in rural tourism of Wulingyuan District is evaluated comprehensively by weighted average comprehensive standard model and the value is 0.817 6 which shows that the performance of poverty alleviation in rural tourism in Wulingyuan District is remarkable.The livelihood capital is the core evaluation index of poverty alleviation performance.There are obvious differences in the structure of livelihood capital among different types of poverty alleviation households.In order to prevent farmers from returning to poverty thoroughly,such suggestions and measures are put forward as providing targeted sustainable livelihood capital support to different types of poverty-alleviating farmers,implementing the anti-poverty model of“characteristic industries+rural tourism”,and protecting the ecological environment of rural tourism development in many ways.