论莱辛作品的现实主义叙事困境

On the Narrative Dilemma of Realism Reflected in Doris Lessing’s Works

莱辛中后期作品逐渐偏离现实主义,叙事更偏重形式变革,这体现了她对现实主义写作的困惑并导致她的“写作障碍”,也成为她多部作品中反复述说的意象,莱辛透过写作障碍全面思考了现实主义本质和当前小说面临的问题,阐述了她的小说创作理念。她指出启蒙对现实主义影响巨大,但随着社会语境的变迁和话语系统的更迭,传统小说已无法表达真实。而当代小说由于主体稳定性和话语明晰性的缺失,成为区域性、报道性的体裁。莱辛倡导描绘时代精神特质、蕴含哲学性的小说。她的创作理念破旧立新、另辟蹊径,对当代小说理论研究具有极高参考价值。

Doris Lessing’s novels gradually deviate from the realistic narrative in her middle and later period. The narrative change is focused on the form, which reflects her confusion on realism and leads to her writing block, an image repeatedly appeared in her many works. By describing the writing block, Lessing fully considers the nature of realism and the problems faced by the current novels. She points out that the western enlightenment has a great influence on realism, but with the change of social context and discourse system, the traditional novel has been unable to express truth. Because of the lack of the stability of the subject and the clarity of the language, the contemporary novels become a regional and reportorial genre. Lessing hopes to restore the vitality of realism, advocating the novel’s characteristics which describes the spirit of the current times and contains the philosophical connotations. Her creative writing notion is so unique that it is one of the wonders in contemporary novel theory field.