中药五味子药理作用研究进展

Research progress in pharmacological effects of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis

五味子是一种常见的补益中药,为木兰科植物五味子干燥成熟果实,最早收载于《神农本草经》上品中药。五味子的药用部位主要是果实、藤茎、枝叶,经过多年的研究发现其化学成分主要为木脂素、多糖、芳香油及三萜类化合物,因其药理作用丰富,有较大的开发和利用价值。随着民间广泛应用和研发的重视,五味子未知的药理作用、药用部位及有效成分不断被挖掘出来。本文将对近几年报道的五味子通过降低转氨酶、炎性因子发挥肝肾保护作用,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡,抑制肿瘤细胞生长及肿瘤转移等发挥抗肿瘤、镇静催眠、改善记忆力、免疫调节作用等方面的研究进行综述,进一步明确了五味子的有效成分、药效作用及其作用机制。

Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis is a drying and ripening fruits of Magnoliaceae plants,a common supplementing Chinese medicine. The earliest collection was listed in Shennong's Classic of Materia Medica as the superior medicinal material. The main medicinal parts of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis are fruits,rattan stems,branches and leaves. After years of study,it was found that the chemical components of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis are mainly lignans,polysaccharides,aromatic oils and triterpenoids. Because of their rich pharmacological effects,there are great value in its development and utilization. With the widespread application and emphasis on research and development among the people,the unknown pharmacological effects,medicinal parts and effective components of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis are continuously explored. In this paper,the recent reports of Fructus Schisandrae Chinensis on reducing transaminase and inflammatory factors,playing a protective role in liver and kidney,inducing tumor cell apoptosis,and inhibiting tumor cell growth and tumor metastasis,having sedative hypnotic effects,memory improvement and having immunomodulatory effects,were studied and summerized. And the effective components,efficacy and mechanism of Schisandra chinensis were further clarified.