某机起降“冲、偏、掉”的风险评估与管控

Risk assessment and control of an airplane “overrun/excursion/ drop” during takeoff and landing

以某机为例,以起降“冲、偏、掉”的风险管控为目标,先各自识别“冲、偏、掉”的危险源,再共同评估风险等级,根据评估结果,提出了“系统防范与重点防范相结合、组织监管与人的主动性相结合、技术措施与人的认知相结合、完善程序与改进设备相结合”的防范原则及具体把握的五个重点问题,阐述了加强理论教育、完善操纵和维护程序、注重非技术能力监控、完善有关法规及开发起飞决断速度(V1)计算软件、提高有关设备容错性等方面的防范对策。

Taking a certain airplane as an example,the risk control of“runway overshooting,off the runway,before the runway”during takeoff and landing as the objective,this article identifies the risk sources separately and jointly evaluates the risk levels.Based on the evaluation results,five key issues are put forward,which are“the combination of systematic prevention and key prevention,the combination of organizational supervision and human initiative,the combination of technical measures and human cognition,the combination of perfecting procedures and improving equipment”,and the preventive measures of strengthening the theory education,perfecting the operation and maintenance program,paying attention to the non-technical ability monitoring,improving the relevant regulations and developing the take-off decision speed(V 1),and improving the fault tolerance of the equipment are expounded.