湖北川金丝猴现状及保护研究

Protection and Status of Sichuan Snub-Nosed Monkey in Hubei Province

2015年10月—2017年12月,采用跟踪调查直接计数法和间接调查法对湖北川金丝猴进行调查,并结合资料对其种群数量和栖息地进行分析。结果表明:湖北川金丝猴种群数量约1 432只,分大龙潭、金猴岭、千家坪3个猴群10个自然小群。栖息于神农架林区、兴山县和巴东县相毗邻的地区,面积432.5 km 2,主要活动面积199.6 km 2。分布海拔980—3 100 m,最适宜栖息海拔1 700—2 600 m,栖息地植被类型属亚热带山地常绿落叶阔叶混交林、落叶阔叶林、针阔叶混交林和常绿针叶林等4个植被类型,最喜栖息于针阔叶混交林和常绿针叶林,最适宜栖息地面积114.6 km 2,适宜栖息地面积201.7 km 2。夏秋季以花、浆果和种子为食,冬春季以松萝、休眠芽为食。针对川金丝猴种群、栖息地现状和人为干扰情况,提出了加强调查监测、保护恢复栖息地和开展社区共管等保护建议。

We studied the population and habitat of Sichuan golden snub-nosed monkey ( Rhinopithecus roxellana ) in Hubei Province from October 2015 to December 2017.We combined direct counts with indirect investigation and we reviewed historic data.We estimated a total of 1 432 monkeys comprising three populations in Dalongtan,Jinhouling and Qianjiaping,and organized into 10 natural groups.The monkeys inhabited the adjacent areas of Shennongjia Forest Region,Xingshan County and Badong County,an area of 432.5 km 2.The main activity area was 199.6 km 2.Their habitat was 980-3 100 m above sea level,the optimum habitat elevation range was 1 700- 2 600 m .The vegetation represented four types:evergreen deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest,deciduous broad-leaved forest,coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest,and evergreen coniferous forest.The coniferous broad-leaved mixed forest and evergreen coniferous forest were preferred by monkeys.The most suitable habitat area was 114.6 km 2 and the suitable habitat area was 201.7 km 2.In summer and autumn,monkeys mainly fed on flowers,berries and seeds,while Usnea and buds were dormant in winter and spring.According to the population size,habitat status,and levels of human disturbance,we offer recommendations for strengthening investigation and monitoring,protecting and restoring habitat,and developing community co-management.