宁夏贺兰山地区狗獾夏季食性研究

Studying on the Food Habits of Badger (Meles meles)in Summer in the Helan Mountains,Ningxia

利用粪便分析法对宁夏贺兰山地区狗獾的夏季食性进行了研究。采集狗獾活动范围内的粪样,运用频率法和生物量比法对数据进行处理,得到狗獾夏季的食性组成和比例。结果显示,狗獾属杂食性广食者,其夏季食物组成共有10种6大类,从出现频率来看,食物组成主要是昆虫(38.22%)、果实(13.78%)、蚯蚓(12.89%)、昆虫幼虫(12.00%)等,从生物量比来看,食物组成主要是蚯蚓(61.83%)、果实(29.42%)、昆虫(4.05%)、昆虫幼虫(3.15%)等,两种结果都显示蚯蚓在狗獾的夏季食谱中占据重要位置。根据粪样分析结果,计算出其夏季食性的Shannon-Wiener指数H′为1.077,均匀性指数E为0.468,标准Levins生态位宽度指数Bsta为0.131。在与张广才岭地区的狗獾夏季食性组成的对比中发现,两者存在一定差异,但差异不显著(P=0.965)。

We studied the summer feeding habits of badger in the Helan Mountains,Ningxia,China by fecal analysis.Fecal samples were collected in the range of activities of badger,and data were processed by frequency method and biomass ratio method to obtain the diet composition and proportions of food items consumed by badger in summer.Badgers were omnivorous,with 10kinds of food representing six major categories.By occurrence frequency of food,the diet mainly contained insects ( 38.22%),fruit ( 13.78%),earthworm ( 12.89%),and insect larvae ( 12.00%).By biomass,the diet was mainly earthworm ( 61.83%),fruits ( 29.42%),insects ( 4.05%),and insect larvae ( 3.15%).Both results show that earthworms were important in the badger s summer diet.Based on these results we calculated the Shannon-wiener index H′,evenness index E ,and standard Levins niche width index B sta ,as 1.077,0.468 and 0.131,respectively.Summer dietary composition of badger in the Helan Mountains of Ningxia Hui Autonomouse Region ( central-western China ) was similar to that of badger in the Zhangguangcai Mountain area of Heilongjiang Province ( northeast China ).