微卫星标记方法在大型猫科动物保护群遗传学研究中的应用与挑战

Review of the Application and Challenge of Microsatellite Markers in Conservation Genetics of Big Cats

大型猫科动物是顶级捕食者,它的存在依赖该地区的整个生态系统,也可以对整个地区的生态系统直接或间接产生强烈的影响。种群遗传学是保护遗传学的一个重要组成部分,对于野外种群来通过种群遗传学研究能了解种群的遗传多样性,种群大小,遗传结构等诸多信息。微卫星标记方法结合非损伤性取样方法在野生大型猫科动物保护遗传学的研究中有着重要地位,它具有诸多优点,广泛应用于种群遗传多样性、个体识别、亲缘关系鉴定等方面的研究。本文回顾大型猫科动物与微卫星标记方法的应用,虽然目前微卫星标记方法仍然具有一定的局限性,但是随着技术的发展,开发更加具有多态性的微卫星位点更为便捷,微卫星标记方法结合其他领域方法所获得的数据共同分析将得到更加广泛的应用。

Big cats are top predators,and their survival depends on the integrity of entire ecosystems.Their presence has important direct and indirect impacts on ecosystems.Population genetics is an important part of conservation genetics.The study of population genetics of wild populations of big cats could help to monitor genetic diversity,population size,genetic structure and other parameters of the population.Microsatellite markers combined with non-invasive sampling methods are important in the study of the population genetics of the large wild cats.Microsatellite markers have many advantages and have been widely used in studies of genetic diversity,individual identification,and identification of relationships.We reviewed the application of microsatellite markers to the study of large cats.We found that although the microsatellite marker method has limitations,with the development of technology,increasing numbers of stable microsatellite markers could be developed.Study of microsatellite markers combined with data from other areas has potential for wider application in future.