自然生物膜对面源污水中氮磷去除的研究进展

Progress of Researches on Nitrogen and Phosphorus Removal by Periphytic Biofilm From Non-Point Source Wastewater

面源污染负荷在一些区域已经成为地表水体的第一大污染源,如何有效削减污染水体中氮磷污染负荷已成为重要科学问题之一。自然生物膜是生长在淹水固体表面的微生物群落及其与周边非生物物质交织在一起的聚集体,广泛分布于水土界面环境中,具有很强的环境适应性,能有效去除水相中的污染物,因此,近些年被广泛应用于污水净化。综述了自然生物膜去除氮(反硝化、吸收、氨挥发和吹脱)和磷(吸收降解、吸附、共沉淀)的机制,并探讨了其影响因素;总结了近年发展迅速的新型功能材料耦合自然生物膜提升氮磷去除效率的主要进展。最后,展望了将自然生物膜与不同类型生态工程相结合并应用于大尺度污染水体净化与生态修复的前景。该综述可为自然生物膜及其类似微生物聚集体净化污水以及自然生物膜群落结构优化和功能化研究方面提供理论参考。

In many regions non-point source pollution has been the primary contributor to surface water pollution.Thereby,how to effectively reduce the nitrogen and phosphorus discharge from non-point source has become one of the important scientific issues.Periphytic biofilm(also known as periphyton)is a kind of microbial aggregates growing on the surfaces of submerged solids and being intertwined with surrounding abiotic matters.Periphytic biofilm is common at the soil and water interface,with strong adaptability to the abiotic environment and capability of removing pollutants from water.In recent years,periphytic biofilm has gained wide attentions in wastewater treatment and remediation of natural water bodies.In this paper,the nitrogen and phosphorus removal mechanisms,such as denitrification,ammonia volatilization and stripping,assimilation,adsorption and precipitation of phosphorus,as well as the latent factors driving these processes are summarized.Besides,the recent advances in nitrogen and phosphorus removal by coupling periphytic biofilm with new functional materials are also summarized.Finally,the applications of periphytic biofilm combined with ecological engineering to large-scale non-point source wastewater treatment and ecological restoration are proposed.This study will provide a theoretical reference for the wastewater purification by periphytic biofilm and similar microbial aggregates,as well as for the regulation of periphytic community structure and its functions.