大别山牛种质资源特性和杂交利用浅析

Analysis of the Characteristic of Germplasm Resources and Hybridization in Dabieshan Cattle

[目的]研究大别山牛的遗传发育特性,探讨其杂交利用效果。[方法]对大别山牛24头(公牛10头,母牛14头)进行了初生、6月龄、12月龄和24月龄体重和体尺性状测定,随机选择3头大别山牛阉牛持续育肥至24月龄后进行了屠宰测定、肉质营养成分测定和风味物质检测。[结果]大别山牛公母牛在0-6月龄、12-24月龄时是体重增长高峰期,大别山牛肉肉质细嫩、风味浓郁,必需氨基酸占总氨基酸比例(39.65±2.32)%。[结论]大别山牛是我国优良的地方品种牛之一,具有独特的遗传发育特性,亟需加以保护和开发利用,且杂交改良可能是提高其养殖效益的有效途径之一。

[Objective]In order to explore the characteristic of germplasm resources of Dabieshan cattle,and discuss hybrid utilization effect.[Methods]The body weight and body size traits of Dabieshan cattle were measured at birth,6 months old,12 months old and 24 months old respectively.Three cattle randomly selected were fattened to 24-month-old,the slaughter traits,nutrient composition and flavor substance of beef were determined.[Result]The results showed that 0-6 months and 12-24 months were the critical period of weight gain in Dabieshan cattle,and the beef was tender and good aromatic,the ratio of essential amino acids to total amino acids was(39.65±2.32)%.[Conclusion]Dabieshan cattle is one of the excellent local breeds in China,has unique genetic development characteristics,and urgently needed to be protection and exploitation.Furthermore,hybrid improvement may be one of the effective ways to improve the breeding efficiency.