浅析“碧水攻坚战”中的含盐废水标准、政策和处理技术研究

Research on Standard, Policy and Treatment for Saline Wastewater amid "Battle for Clean Water"

盐分污染日渐成为一个世界性的污染难题,从澳大利亚的中部平原到中国新疆塔里木河干流,许多国家和地区都面临传统的直接地面水排放和蒸发塘等含盐废水处理方法造成土壤盐渍化和水系污染,进而导致可用耕地面积减少、生物多样性受到威胁等问题。传统的处理方法和高排放浓度都不可持续,因而建立系统、全面、严格的含盐废水排放限值是减缓盐分污染的关键一环。了解各地是否建立含盐量限值、具体限值情况、以及未来哪些地区可能会建立相关标准,对产生和排放大量含盐废水的石油石化行业至关重要。

The pollution of salinity is increasingly becoming a global problem. From the Great Plain of Australia to the main stream of Tarim River in China, a number of countries and districts are faced with severe soil salination and water pollution caused by traditional treatment of saline wastewater, including direct discharge and the usage of evaporation pond. The pollution further leads to the decrease of arable lands and the threatened biodiversity, which means the unsustainable way of treatment and the current emission concentration can no longer last. Therefore, establishing a systematic, comprehensive and strict standard for emitting saline wastewater is the key to solve saline pollution. For petrochemical industries that generate massive saline wastewater, it is important to be aware of which province has had or will have the relevant standards, the exact number of allowable limits, and the appropriate technologies for desalination.