中国传统美学视域下汽车造型设计的思考

On Automobile Modeling Design from the Perspective of Chinese Traditional Aesthetics

汽车造型的发展变化,从时间上可分为七个阶段,而从建立于哲学基础上的中国传统美学视域看,其内在设计理念可以分为功能重于外形,功能与外形和谐统一,人、车、自然和谐统一这三类。墨家在“兼爱”核心思想下发展出“利天下”的造物理念,并以“天志”来规范造物,主张“节用”,重视器物的功能,反对不必要的装饰;儒家的核心思想“仁”意在塑造“文质彬彬”的君子,事物能“尽善尽美”,功能和形式和谐统一;道家以“道”为万物存在的根源,汽车犹如《庄子》中的“技”或技所呈现的事物,具有道的属性——作为事物,指道的显现,作为手段,指如何由技入道并因“忘机”而被消解。结合中国传统思想与当今设计之现实,可以预见:中国未来的汽车设计将以“中学为体”取代“西学为体”;世界的汽车设计也会出现多种风格并立;汽车的设计最终则是从“有”到“无”,汽车成为具有“道”的属性之“技”。

The development and change of automobile modeling can be chronologically divided into seven stages.From the perspective of traditional Chinese aesthetics,based on the philosophy,the internal design concept can be divided into three categories:function over form,the unification of function and form,the harmony and unity of human,vehicle and nature.The Mohist exhibited the creation concept of“benefiting to the world”under the core idea of“universal love”,and standardized the creation with“heavenly will”,advocated“economical use”,attached importance to the function of utensils,and opposed unnecessary decoration.“Benevolence”,the core idea of Confucianism,aims to build up an image of a gentleman with“the coincidence of character and conduct”,and things can be“as perfect as possible”with harmonious and unified functions and forms.Taoism takes“Tao”as the root of all the things,while the automobile,like the“technology”or the things presented by the technology in Chuang-tzu,has the attribute of“tao”:as a thing,it refers to the manifestation of“tao”;As a means,it refers to how to get into“tao”from technology and be dissolved due to“forgetting‘tao’and technology”.Combining with the traditional Chinese thought and the present design reality,we can foresee that the automobile design in China’s future will follow the Chinese traditional aesthetics instead of the western.The world’s car design will also show a variety of styles.In the end,the design of the automobile changes from“having”to“not having”,and the automobile becomes a“skill”with the attribute of“tao”.