美国国家公园的立法规制及其启示

Legislative Regulation of American National Parks and Its Revelation to China

党的十九大报告指出,建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系。相较于发达国家,我国在国家公园建设方面起步较晚,相关立法也还处于探索期。美国作为世界上最先建立起国家公园体系的国家,不仅确立了保护与开发相结合的环保理念,而且形成了一套完整、系统的法律架构,充分体现出立法先行性、系统性、公益性、公众参与性、时代性等特点。对美国国家公园的立法历程、立法内容及特征进行了梳理,提出了我国国家公园建设应当做到制度建设和改革同步,充分发挥国家公园体制建设的法律指引作用;加强立法统筹和规划,建立以国家公园为主体的自然保护地法律法规框架体系;做到立法民主,切实保障国家公园的公益性;实现科学立法,增强国家公园法律法规的实效性等建议。

Establishing a national park as the main body of the nature reserve system have been proposed in the report of the 19th congress of the Communist Party of China.Compared with developed countries,national park construction started late in our country,the legislation is still beginning.As a pioneer state to set up national park system in the world,the United States not only established the concept combining protection with development in environmental protection,but also formed a complete set of legal framework,which fully reflects the legislative antecedence as well as the systematic,public welfare and public participation,times features.Combing the legislative history of America’s national parks,legislative content and characteristics,this paper proposes that our country national park construction should synchronize the system construction and reform,giving full play to their role as the legal guidelines on national park system construction,strengthen the legislation planning,establishing a national park framework system of laws and regulations as the main body of the natural protected area,achieve the legislative democracy,ensuring the public welfare of the national park,and realize the scientific legislation,enhancing the effect of the laws and regulations on national park.