技术的社会选择与社会定位——一种对长岛木帆船技术社会化过程的解释

The Social Choice of Technology and the Social Orientation of Technology——An Interpretation of Technological Social Process of Changdao Wooden Sailing Boat

依托于长岛木帆船制造技术而发展起来的早期远海捕捞业是科学的海洋实践活动,也是早期海洋群体生活体验的一种典型的策略行为,它的起源、衍生与发展有其特定的历史根源和社会发展规律。技术的社会选择与社会定位过程是技术社会化过程的主要决定性因素。在长岛木帆船的技术社会化过程中,生产技术要依托于生产工具而存在,技术的行动主体是技术与社会互动的中介变量,而自然条件、经济条件和社会条件是决定技术社会化过程的动力机制。在渔村社会中长岛木帆船制造技术的产生和传播不是偶然的历史因素,而是社会或个体自我发展的一种特殊需要,这种需要直接决定了技术的社会定位,根据这一社会定位人们选择了一套适应于当地自然环境的生产实践方式,并以此建构了特殊的利益交换关系和互动原则。因此,对传统生产工具的技术社会化过程的科学分析,可以更好地解释社会生产制度、生产方式和生产关系的变化,并对社会变迁的客观规律和社会结构的内部调整形成一种理性的认识。

The early sea fishing industry,which was developed on the Changdao wooden sailing boat manufacturing technology,is a scientific marine social activity and a typical strategic behavior of the life experiencing of marine human social groups.Its origin,derivation and development has its specific historical roots and the law of social development.The social choice of technology and the social orientation of technology are the main decisive factors in technological social process.In the technological social process of Changdao wooden sailing boat,production technology must exist depending on production tools.The technical action group is the intermediary variable of interaction between technology and society,while natural conditions,economic conditions and social conditions are the dynamic mechanisms that determine the process of technological socialization.The generation and dissemination of technology of making wooden sailing boats in the fishing village society is not an accidental historical factor,but a special need of social or individual self-development.This need directly determines the social orientation of technology,according to which,people choose a set of production practices adapted to the local natural environment,and construct a special interest exchange relationship and interaction principle.Therefore,the scientific analysis of the technological social process of traditional production tools can better explain the changes of social production system,social production mode and social production relations,and also form a rational understanding of the objective law of social change and the internal adjustment of social structure.