环境经济社会学视野下的海岛旅游开发及其反思——青岛市L岛的实地研究

Island Tourism Development and Its Reflection from the Perspective of Environmental Economic Sociology: A Field Study of L Island in Qingdao City

由于海岛渔民传统海洋经济活动带来了海洋生态资源退化,海岛乡村发展面临困境,海岛旅游开发成为海洋生态保护与海岛乡村振兴的重要措施。海岛旅游开发给海岛渔村带来了发展与就业机会,原本外迁的海岛渔民开始返迁,海岛空心化问题得到缓解,海岛乡村振兴得以推进。然而,由于旅游收益分配不均和相对剥夺感的增加,海岛旅游开发也带来了一系列社会问题,海岛渔民的生活习惯被打乱,生活成本上升,生活空间受到挤压。此外,海岛旅游开发还带来了诸多环境污染问题,不利于海洋生态保护。为此,如何将海岛旅游开发嵌入到相互依赖的海岛社会关系中,是海岛旅游可持续发展所面临的重要课题,而环境经济社会学则可以成为分析和解决该问题的有效理论视角。

As the traditional marine economic activities of island fishermen have brought about the degradation of marine ecological resources,island rural development is facing difficulties,and island tourism development has become an important measure for marine ecological protection and island rural revitalization.The island tourism has brought opportunities for development and employment to island fishing villages.The original migrant fishermen have begun to return,the exodus from islands has been decreased,and the revitalization of island villages has been promoted.However,due to the uneven distribution of tourism income and the increasing sense of relative deprivation,the island tourism has also resulted in a series of social problems.For example,the life habits of island fishermen have been disrupted,the cost of living has risen,and the living space has been squeezed.In addition,the development of island tourism has also brought many environmental pollution problems,which is not conducive to marine ecological protection.Therefore,how to integrate the island tourism into interdependent island social relations is an important issue of the sustainable development of island tourism,and the environmental economic sociology can be an effective theoretical perspective to analyze and solve this problem.