地方本科院校转型效果的实证分析:学生发展视角

An Empirical Analysis on the Effect of Transformation of Local Undergraduate Colleges and Universities: from the Perspective of Student Development

地方本科院校向应用型转型是我国高等教育分类管理和高等教育体系重构的关键,学术界对转型的研究多聚焦于转型的必要性、转型的内涵和转型路径的讨论,对转型效果的探讨较少。本文基于北京大学教育经济研究所2016年全国地方本科院校人才培养与就业调查数据,从学生发展视角,采用倾向值得分匹配法,对地方本科院校转型效果进行实证分析。研究发现:院校转型对学生发展具有明显影响;相比对学生就业的影响,院校转型对学生能力与素质,特别是核心非认知能力的促进作用更明显;相比人文社科类专业,院校转型对理工科类专业学生发展影响更明显;相比私立院校,院校转型对公立院校的学生总体能力与素质发展影响更大。另外,学生发展,尤其是学生的就业状况明显受院校水平的影响。

The application-oriented transformation of Local Undergraduate Colleges and Universities(LOCU) is an important part of the classification management of higher education in China. Pervious research on the transformation have focused on the necessity, connotation and path of the transformation, but less on the effect of the transformation. Based on the 2016 national survey data of LOCU conducted by the Institute of Economics of Education in Peking University, this study conducts an empirical analysis on the effect of transformation of LOCU from the perspective of student development with the Propensity Score Matching(PSM) method. The findings are as follows: the transformation has a significantly positive effect on student development. Compared with the effect on student employment, it has a more obvious positive effect on students’ ability and quality, especially the core non-cognitive ability. Compared with the effect on students in humanities and social sciences, the transformation has more much more influence on the development of students in science and engineering related majors. Compared with the effect on students in private institutions, the transformation has a greater impact on the overall ability and quality development of students in public institutions. In addition, the development of students, especially the employment status of students is obviously affected by the features and level of LOCU.