某部舰艇人员膳食摄入能量与机体消耗能量的调查分析

Survey and analysis of dietary calorie intake and energy expenditure among the shipboard personnel of a certain naval unit

目的了解舰艇人员靠岸期间膳食摄入能量与机体消耗能量情况,为部队合理安排膳食及活动提供依据。方法 2017年5月选取靠岸期间某部水面舰艇人员96名,通过称重和膳食回顾相结合的方法进行连续4 d的膳食调查。记录其中24名舰艇人员的运动和睡眠情况,计算每日能量摄入与能量消耗的比值。结果人均每日能量消耗总量低于膳食的总能量摄入量;膳食结构不合理,其中脂肪在能量供给中占比达到40%,纯热能食物超过军标50%;体质量指数(BMI)显示官兵的超重现象明显。结论舰艇人员的膳食摄入能量高于消耗能量,建议减少每日膳食总能量摄入和增加活动量以保持每日能量入出平衡;改善供能比不合理现象,减少油脂及简单糖类等纯能量食物的摄入量。

Objective To investigate the dietary calorie intake and energy expenditure of the shipboard personnel during stay on shore, so as to provide reference for healthy meals and proper physical activities.Methods During their stay on shore, 96 shipboard personnel were enrolled for the study. A dietary survey for 4 consecutive days was performed by the combined method of body weighing and dietary food intake review. At the same time, the physical activities and sleep of 24 personnel were closely recorded, and the ratio of daily food intake and energy expenditure was calculated. Results The survey results indicated that total daily energy expenditure was less than the total energy intake. The dietary formation was not reasonable, with the proportion of fat in the energy supply being as high as 40%, and the food for pure energy supply exceeded by 50% of the specified military standards. Body mass index (BMI) showed that overweight was quite obvious among the shipboard naval personnel.Conclusion The dietary energy intake of the shipboard personnel is higher than energy expenditure. For this reason, it is recommended that total daily dietary energy intake be reduced and physical activity be increased to keep energy balance between intake and expenditure. Improper proportion of energy intake should be improved, and the amount of fat and oil as well as pure carbonhydrates in dietary intake should be reduced.