构建公平而有质量的STEM教育生态——《制定成功路线:美国的STEM教育战略》解读及启示

Build a Fair and Quality STEM Education Ecosystem——An Analysis of Charting A Course for Success: America’s Strategy for STEM Education

进入21世纪以来,迅速变化的社会发展使得提升STEM教育质量成为增强世界各国科技创新水平的重要途径。当前,我国STEM教育尚处在探索阶段,需要不断学习与借鉴国外先进理念以完善我国的STEM教育体系。2018年12月,作为STEM教育发源地的美国发布了《制定成功路线:美国的STEM教育战略》,提出了未来五年内美国STEM教育的整体愿景、理想目标以及实现途径等,被誉为美国STEM教育的"北极星计划",为我国STEM教育发展提供了参考。该文通过对于政策文件的内容分析,结合我国目前STEM教育现状,获得了以下三方面的启示:一是构建公平而有质量的STEM教育生态,实现STEM教育合理布局;二是制定与完善STEM教育行业各类标准,保障STEM教育科学发展;三是围绕大概念进行STEM教育课程设计,落实STEM教育核心理念。

Since the beginning of the 21 st century, social development has changed rapidly. It makes improving the quality of STEM education an important way to enhance the level of scientific and technological innovation in countries around the world. In December 2018, the United States government released " Charting a course for success: America’s strategy for STEM education".The report presents the overall vision, ideal goals and approaches of STEM education in the United States in the next five years,and is known as the "North Star" of STEM education in the United States. The document has three implications for future STEM education in China. First, we should build a fair and quality STEM education ecology, so as to realize the reasonable distribution of STEM education. Second, various standards in STEM education industry should be formulated and improved to ensure the scientific development of STEM education. Third, STEM education curriculum is designed around the big ideas to implement the core idea of STEM education.