基于碳氮同位素的澜沧江水库TOC来源差异性分析

Analysis of Total Organic Carbon Source Differences Between New and Old Cascade Reservoirs using Carbon and Nitrogen Isotopes

水库建设所导致的生态问题正引发前所未有的深度思考,梯级水库在时间和空间尺度上的影响效应更加值得探究.为揭示新老水库有机碳分布特征及其沉积物TOC来源的差异,于2017年11月采集了苗尾、功果桥和大朝山这3个不同时期建设的水库的水样和沉积物样柱.测定了水体的温度(T)、溶解氧(DO)、总有机碳含量(TOC)、沉积物总有机碳(TOC)、氧化还原电位(ORP)、总氮(TN)和总磷(TP)等指标,并利用15N和13C同位素,结合Iso Source软件,解析沉积物中TOC来源及其来源物质对相应水库沉积物中TOC的贡献量,从而探究其内在的碳循环机制和梯级水库演进模式.结果表明,苗尾、功果桥和大朝山水库水体有机碳质量浓度平均值分别为0.95、1.97和4.64 mg·L^-1.对应水库沉积物中有机碳含量变化范围分别为4.41~81.63、18.30~28.42和9.16~14.46 g·kg^-1.水库的梯级建设,使得新老水库的沉积物来源,周围补给等出现差异,使得新老水库TOC出现巨大差异.对于水体TOC,水体热力学状态和溶解氧的差异从而间接影响了水体中TOC的分布趋势.沉积物中主要考虑生源要素的影响,即沉积环境对有机质的保存能力是造成DCS、MV和GGQ沉积物垂向分布有差异的主要原因.而梯级水库的演进模式中,MV时空尺度上处于第一级段,是以累积上游来流TOC为主;GGQ处于第二级段,是以主要消耗分解上游来流TOC;DCS处于第三级段,是以主要积累水库周边TOC来源.

The ecological problems due to reservoir construction are causing unprecedented concern. To reveal the differences in organic carbon distribution characteristics and sediment sources of total organic carbon( TOC) between the old and new reservoirs,water samples,and sediment samples from reservoirs constructed in the three different periods of Miaowei,Gongguoqiao,and Dachaoshan were collected in November 2017. The temperature( T),dissolved oxygen( DO),TOC,redox potential( ORP),total nitrogen( TN),and total phosphorus( TP) of the water samples were measured. The isotopes15 N and13 C were used as indicators with Iso Source software to analyze the contributions of TOC sources and their source materials to the corresponding reservoir sediments,in order to explore the carbon cycle mechanism and evolution mode of reservoir. The results showed that the average concentrations of organic carbon in the waters of the Miaowei,Gongguoqiao,and Dachaoshan Reservoirs were 0. 95 mg·L-1,1. 97 mg·L^-1,and 4. 64 mg·L^-1,respectively. The range of organic carbon content in the corresponding sediments was 4. 41-81. 63 g·kg^-1,18. 30-28. 42 g·kg^-1,and 9. 16-14. 46 g·kg^-1,respectively. The cascade construction of the reservoirs resulted in a difference between the sediment sources of the new and old reservoirs and the surrounding recharge area,meaning that the TOC of the new and old reservoirs were significantly different. For the TOC of waterbodies,the difference between the thermodynamic state of water and dissolved oxygen indirectly affects the distribution trend of TOC. The sediments mainly reflect the influence of source elements,that is,the ability of the sedimentary environment to preserve organic matter was the main cause of the vertical distribution of DCS,MV,and GGQ sediments.In the evolution mode of cascade reservoir,the research shows that it can be preliminarily set as three stages. Firstly,due to the short age of MV,it is in the first stage and mainly accumulates the TOC from the upstream. GGQ is longer than the age of MV,and it is mainly used to decompose the upstream TOC,so it is defined as in the second stage. Finally,as an old reservoir,DCS mainly accumulates TOC sources around the reservoir,which can be regarded as the third stage.