法律体系的“恒常”与“变迁”——制度分析理论与哈特的法实证主义

Legal System’s “Stability” and “Change”: InstitutionalAnalysis Theory and Hart’s Legal Positivism

哈特的法实证主义在解释一个稳定的法律体系时很有说服力,但是其对法律变迁的情形有所忽视。而法律制度无疑在不断变迁当中,法理学需要能够更好解释法律制度变迁的理论。制度分析理论,主要研究的问题是为何大多数制度会长期稳定,而制度不断发生变迁的原因又是什么。用制度分析理论,来补充哈特的法实证主义,可以更好的理解法律如何变迁,以及变动中的法律为何有着恒常的权威。从而为法理学提供一个更贴近现实的理解法律制度的视角。

Hart’s legal positivism is enough to explain a stable legal system. However, it seems not persuasive to interpret how the legal system changes. Modern institutional analysis theory, mainly studies why most institutions have a long-term stability and why institutional change happens over time. Using this theory to complement Hart’s legal positivism, we could have a better understanding of how legal system changes and why a constantly changing legal system has constant authority.