百年新诗“辨体”实践反思

Reflections on the Centennial Differentiation of the Genre of New Poetry

在新文学运动之初,胡适倡导的"诗体大解放"理论,曾给中国诗歌造成空前的文体危机,新诗的文体合法性也受到广泛质疑,为此中国新诗坛展开了旷日持久的新诗"辨体"活动。辨体在多种维度上展开,主要包括诗文之辨、诗乐之辨、新旧之辨,等等,论辩的焦点都指向了格律,格律因而成为新诗文体建构的核心因素。这种辨体活动为新诗文体建设积累了丰富经验,也留下了不少值得探索的空间,如决定新诗文体的主导因素是格律还是诗性、诗歌辨体是否应该考虑诗歌语言类型等,都是需要深入思考的问题。

At the beginning of the New Literature Movement, the theory of "the great liberation of poetic formats" advocated by Hu Shi caused unprecedented crisis for the genre of Chinese poetry, and the legitimacy of the genre of new poetry was also widely questioned. Therefore, the new poetry circle launched a long-lasting project of “differentiating the genre of New Poetry”, including differentiating between poetry and prose, between poetry and music, between the old and the new, and the focus of debate was on metrics, which became the core factor in the construction of the genre of New Poetry. This activity accumulated rich experience for the construction of the genre of new poetry, and also left a lot of space for further exploration. For instance, whether the dominant factor of the genre of New Poetry was meter or poetic quality, or whether the genre of poetry should consider the type of poetry language, etc. still remained to be considered.