湖南省中华绒螯蟹中砷、铅、汞、镉、铬检测结果分析

Detection results analysis of arsenic, lead, mercury, cadmium, chromium in Chinese mitten crab in Hunan Province

目的对湖南省三大湖区养殖的中华绒螯蟹(Eriocheir sinensis)的砷、铅、汞、镉、铬污染状况及其在蟹肉、蟹黄、蟹鳃的含量分布情况进行分析评价。方法利用电感耦合等离子体质谱法测定铅、镉、铬;液相色谱-原子荧光光谱法测定无机砷;原子荧光光谱法测定汞。采用单项污染指数和综合污染指数法的评价模式,根据GB 2762-2017 《食品中污染物限量》中规定的水产品中有毒有害物质限量进行食用安全性评价。结果共检测24份样品,其中砷、铅、汞、镉、铬的检出率分别为33.4%、75.9%、100.0%、100.0%、100.0%。结论湖南省三大湖区养殖的中华绒螯蟹的无机砷、铅、汞、镉、铬的测定值均低于国家相关限量标准,处于清洁级。5种重金属在三大湖区的分布无明显的地域特征,蟹黄中和蟹鳃中镉的富集明显高于蟹肉。

Objective To study the pollution of inorganic arsenic,lead,mercury,cadmium,chromium in Chinese mitten crab(Eriocheir sinensis) farmed in the three lakes of Hu’nan Province,the contents and distribution of the elements in crab muscle,roe and gill were analyzed and evaluated.Methods Lead,cadmium and chromium were determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry,inorganic arsenic was determined by liquid chromatography-atomic fluorescence spectrometry and mercury was determined by atomic fluorescence spectrometry.Using single pollution exponent and comprehensive pollution exponent method,safety evaluation was carried out according to the national standard of GB 2762-2017 Pollutant Limits in Food.Results Twenty-four samples were tested.The detection rates of inorganic arsenic,lead,mercury,cadmium and chromium were 33.4%,75.9%,100.0%,100.0% and 100.0%,respectively.Conclusion The contents of inorganic arsenic,lead,mercury,cadmium and chromium of the crab cultured in the three lakes of Hu’nan Province were all below the relevant limits of national standard and all the crabs belonged to the clean level.There are no obvious regional features of the five heavy metals in the three lakes regions,and the enrichment of cadmium in crab roe and gill is remarkably higher than that of muscle.