731例过敏性疾病血清特异性IgE和总IgE检测分析

Detection and analysis of serum specific IgE antibody and total IgE antibody in 731 patients with allergic diseases

目的了解郑州地区过敏性疾病患者血清过敏原类型和分布特征。方法选取2018年1月-12月共731例过敏性疾病患者作为研究对象,用酶联免疫法进行血清特异性IgE(sIgE)和总IgE(tIgE)检测,用SPSS 17.0软件对结果进行统计学分析。结果受检者血清sIgE和tIgE阳性率分别为59.92%和48.02%。其中吸入性过敏原以花粉组合(39.26%)、尘螨组合(23.12%)和皮屑组合(21.75%)为主;食入物过敏原以牛羊肉(9.17%)、蛋清/蛋黄(6.98%)、水果组合(6.98%)和牛奶(5.34%)为主。吸入组过敏原阳性率明显高于食入组(χ^2=267.40,P<0.01)。男、女在吸入性、食入性过敏原sIgE阳性率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。男、女在tIgE阳性率比较,差异有统计学意义(χ^2=29.27,P<0.01)。受检者血清sIgE 1级~2级阳性率明显高于3级~5级的受检者(χ^2=533.41,P<0.01)。结论郑州吸入性过敏原的检出率明显高于食入性过敏原。明确过敏原,采取正确防范措施以降低过敏性疾病发生。

Objective To understand the types and distribution characteristics of serum allergens in allergic diseases in Zhengzhou.Methods A total of 731 patients with allergic diseases from January to December in 2018 were enrolled in the study.Serum specific IgE(sIgE) and total IgE(tIgE) antibodies were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).The results were analyzed statistically by SPSS 17.0 software.Results The serum sIgE and tIgE antibodies were positive in the subjects,accounting for 59.92% and 48.02%.Among them,pollen combination(39.26%),dust mites combination(23.12%) and dander combination(21.75%) were the main inhaled allergens;Beef and mutton(9.17%),egg white/yolk(6.98%),fruit combination(6.98%) and milk(5.34%) were mainly foodborne allergens.The positive rate of allergens in inhaled group was significantly higher than that of foodborne group(χ^2=267.40,P<0.01).The differences in the positive rates of sIgE to inhaled and foodborne allergens between genders were not statistically significant(P>0.05).There was statistical significance on the difference of total IgE postive rate in different age groups(χ^2=29.27,P<0.01).The positive rate of serum sIgE at 1-2 levels in the subjects was significantly higher than that at 3-5 levels(χ^2=533.41,P<0.01).Conclusion The detection rate of inhaled allergen is significantly higher than that of foodborne allergens in Zhengzhou.We should identify allergens and take corrective measures to reduce the incidence of allergic diseases.