西学冲击下中国人对“文学”认识的演变(1857—1897)

The evolution of Chinese people’s understanding of “Wen Xue” under the impact of Western learning(1857-1897)

近代中国学术分科体系的建立是中西文化交流融合的结果,不同学科的发展因受中学与西学不同程度的影响而存在较大差异。其中,"文学"观念与学科的演变尤其复杂。在19世纪较长时期内,受中西接触带来的西学知识的冲击,中国本土读书人对"文学"的认识呈现中西相融的特点。受西学分科与中国学术发展专门化的影响,"文学"成为分科学术中的一门。在不同来源思想影响下,其观念形态复杂多样,在甲午以后进入变法舆论,并进一步影响国人之认知。

The formation of modern Chinese academic division system was the result of the integration of Chinese and western academic exchanges. There were great differences between different disciplines in the aspects of the connotation and the way of formation. Under the influence of Chinese traditional learning and Western learning in different degree,the development of "Wen Xue"concepts and subjects was especially complex. For a long period of time in nineteenth Century,the native Chinese intellectual’s understanding of "Wen Xue"presented a characteristic of the combination of Chinese and Western under the impact of western learning which was brought in through the Sinowestern communication. Affected by the western division and Chinese academic specialized development trend,"Wen Xue"became one subject in the academic branch. Under the influence of different sources,the concept was complex and diverse. It came into public opinion of political reform after the Jiawu Sino-Japanese War,and affected the development of Chinese academic.