张贵永与德意志历史主义在民国时期的传播

ZhangGuiyong and the Spread of German Historicism in Republican China

自19世纪以来,"历史主义"便是兼涉史学与哲学的一个重要概念,有论者将其视为一种历史研究方法,也有论者将其定义为一种世界观、历史观。这两种解释,在近代中国史学中均有所涉及。作为德意志历史主义的一位译介者,张贵永借用中国传统文化资源,从世界观的角度介绍、解释历史主义,展现了德意志历史主义在中国的一个面向,且在其作品中历史主义与史学实践亦存在一致性。

From the 19 th century,the word‘historicism’appeared to have become an important concept in both history and philosophy. In the main,the term ‘historicism’can be understood eitheras a method of history or a view of history and the world. As a method of history,historicism is associated with its emphasis on source criticism,yetas a worldview or an outlook on history,historicismis seen more as a philosophy,relevant more to the interpretations of historical movement.The two sides of historicism developed simultaneously in Europe and were also reflected in modern Chinese historiography from the early 20 th century. As an advocate of German historicism,ZhangGuiyongabsorbed Friedrich Meinecke’s ideas in interpreting historicism. In his introduction,he also tapped into traditional Chinese cultural resourcesand emphasized the side of historicism as a worldview.By discussing the traveling of German historicism in the Republic of China of the early 20 th century,this article discusses its influence against the backdrop of the historiographical development in the time period.By comparing ZhangGuiyong’s ideas of history and the evolution of the scholarship on historicism,this essay argues in the end that Zhang’s understanding of German historicism was consistent with his own historical practice.