杜甫《悲陈陶》《悲青坂》历代注释中的若干问题——兼论两首诗歌与杜甫卷入房琯事件之间的关系

Some Problems in the Annotations of Du Fu’s “Lament on the Defeat at Chen Tao” and “Grieving Over Green Slope”——On the relationship between two poems and Du Fu’s Involvement in Fang Guan Affair

历代关于《悲陈陶》与《悲青坂》两首诗歌创作背景的注释中,所引史料内容存在历史顺序相反、将陈陶战的相关历史事实错引至《悲青坂》的注释中以及直接引用存在问题的注释等问题,具有一定的误导性。此外,两首在时间和内容上具有较强关联、构成上一致且相互呼应的诗歌不以组诗,而是以独立作品的方式呈现,是杜甫当时思想感情互相对立、矛盾的体现。关于两首诗歌与杜甫卷入房琯事件之间的关系,古今学者的意见有较大分歧。杜甫在任左拾遗之前一直远离政治中心,对权力中心的争斗、内情所知不多,加上房琯后来被贬并非由于陈陶、青坂战败,由此可见《悲陈陶》《悲青坂》两首诗歌与杜甫被卷入房琯问题不存在直接的因果关系。

Nearly of all annotations on the writing background of the two poems,namely "Lament on the Defeat at Chen Tao"and "Grieving Over Green Slope",the historical materials are in reverse order,and the relevant historical facts of battle at Chen Tao are misdirected into the annotation of "Grieving Over Green Slope".Directly citing comments with problems is somewhat misleading.In addition,the two poems,with strong correlations in time and content,consistent in composition,are not presented in group poems,but in the form of independent works.That reflects the opposition and contradictions of Du Fu’s thoughts and feelings at that time.Scholars of ancient and modern times hold quite different opinions on the relationship between the two poems and Du Fu’s involvement in Fang Guan Affair.Before working as an imperial censor,Du Fu had been away from the political center,and did not know much about the struggle among the power center.Moreover,the later demotion of Fang Guan was not due to the defeat at Chen Tao and Qing Ban.Therefore,there is no necessary connection between the two poems and Du Fu’s involvement in Fang Guan Affair.