替代指示微生物在粪便污染源示踪中的研究现状

Research on alternative indicators of fecal pollution in microbial source tracking

传统粪便指示微生物仅能反映出环境中粪便污染情况,不能追踪污染来源以及反映病毒污染情况,并且不同环境条件下病原微生物的生态学特征和存活特性具有差异。通过采用不同的替代指示微生物来监测和评价不同水体水质的污染状况,分析指示微生物和病原体之间的相关性,确定在具体情况下应选择哪种粪便污染的指示微生物,有望更全面地评价粪便污染和疾病风险。现总结替代指示微生物的特征和优缺点及其与病原体的相关性,以期客观、准确地评价这类指示微生物预测粪便指示污染的可信度,并为目前微生物源示踪(MST)方法的应用提供参考。

Traditional fecal indicator microorganisms only reflecte the fecal pollution in the environment, and can not track the source of pollution and reflect the virus pollution. In addition, the ecological and survival characteristics of pathogenic microorganisms under various environmental conditions were different. Using alternative indicator microorganisms to monitor and evaluate the pollution status of different water, analyzing the correlation between indicator microorganisms and pathogens, and determining which indicator microorganisms of fecal pollution should be selected in specific environment, make it possible to comprehensively evaluate the fecal pollution and disease risk. In order to objectively and accurately evaluate the credibility of such indicator microorganisms to predict the pollution of feces, this article summarized the characteristics, advantages and disadvantages of alternative indicator microorganisms, and reviewed the correlation between alternative indicator microorganisms and pathogens, providing a good reference for the application of the microbial source tracer(MST)method.