宫内发育迟缓导致成年糖尿病的研究进展

Research progress on the study of intrauterine growth restriction and adult diabetes

宫内发育异常在糖尿病发病中的作用受到越来越多的关注.宫内发育迟缓(IUGR)胎儿可能出现胰腺发育异常,出生后胰岛功能进一步下降,成年后易发生糖尿病.IUGR发展为糖尿病有众多因素参与,近来表观遗传学指出,胰腺细胞发育过程中的甲基化水平改变、组蛋白修饰减少以及RNA编辑异常等可影响胰腺分化和增殖,导致胰岛发育异常,可能诱发成年糖尿病.而孕期营养补充和运动等早期干预可以预防糖尿病的发生.

Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) may lead to abnormal development of pancreata in the IUGR fetus.The islet function is further reduced after birth,and diabetes is prone to occur in adulthood.Recently,epigenetics has pointed out that changes in methylation levels,histone modifications,and RNA editing could affect pancreatic differentiation and proliferation,leading to abnormal islet development and possibly induction of adult diabetes.Early interventions such as nutritional supplementation during pregnancy and exercise can prevent the onset of diabetes.