BBNJ谈判中海洋保护区议题的困境与出路:兼谈中国的应对

The Dilemma and Way Out of Marine Protected Areas Issue in BBNJ Negotiations: Also on China’s Response

2015年6月19日第69届联合国大会通过了第292号决议,要求根据《联合国海洋法公约》的规定就国家管辖范围外生物多样性的养护和可持续利用问题拟订一份具有法律约束力的国际文书。围绕其中的海洋保护区议题,多数国家从海洋保护区的定义、目标和原则、选划海洋保护区的标准、海洋保护区的监管与制度性安排等方面阐述了自己的立场或发表了自己的意见。但谈判仍然面临着海洋保护区的定义存在争议、海洋保护区的选划标准尚未明确、海洋保护区的管理模式缺乏共识等困境。为应对这些困境,各国在后续谈判时应当着重从明确界定国家管辖范围外海洋保护区的定义、妥善整合现有海洋保护区选划标准以及确立海洋保护区的全球性管理模式等方面进行磋商。在此过程当中,中国在谈判中应当协调与各方的关系并积极应对他国的主张。在谈判外,中国应当加强对国家管辖范围外海洋生物多样性的科学研究工作,以便为将来参与海洋保护区的构建与管理做好准备。

Resolution 292 was adopted by the 69th United Nations General Assembly on 19 June 2015,which requires to formulate,in accordance with the provisions of the UNCLOS,a legally binding international instrument on the conservation and sustainable use of biological diversity beyond national jurisdiction.Around the topic of marine protected areas,most countries have stated positions and opinions on its definition,aims,principles,selection criteria,supervision,regulation,and so on.However,Negotiations are still facing difficulties solving disputable and indefinite issues such as the definition,selection criteria and management of marine protected areas,which need to be further discussed.In the process,China should coordinate relations with all parties in the negotiations and actively respond to other countries' proposals.Outside,China should strengthen scientific research on marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction in order to be ready for future participation in marine protected areas construction and management.