现代化变迁与老年人家庭地位演变——以代际同住家庭经济决策权为例

Modernization and Family Status of the Elderly: Taking Economic Decision-making Power in Coresiding Family as an Exqmple

使用中国老年人健康长寿影响因素调查数据,从宏观层面的现代化变迁和微观层面的父代资源、代际社会经济地位角度研究代际同住老年人家庭地位的影响因素,应用赫克曼定序Probit模型处理代际同住的样本选择问题。研究发现近年来与子女同住的老年人参与家庭经济决策状况有所改善,但仍有近半老年人对除自己开支外的家庭经济决策无权做主;老年人家庭权力并未随着现代化发展持续降低,现代化程度更高的城市和东部地区老年人其家庭权力反而高于农村和中西部老年人;家庭权力在性别间的不平等仍然存在;老年人自身的物质和劳务资源以及相对于子代的社会经济地位可显著提升老年人的家庭经济权力。基于以上分析,建议政府应完善老年社会支持体制,构建平等和谐的家庭代际文化,更加关注多重弱势叠加的老年人状况。

Using CLHLS data, this paper explores the influencing factors of the elderly’s status in coresiding family from following three aspects: modernization, parental resources and the parentchild socioeconomic status. Heckman ordered Probit model is used to correct sample selection bias of coresidence. The results show that the coresiding elderly’s economic decision-making power has been improved but nearly half of them still have no power except on their own expenditures. The coresiding elderly living in more modernized area (urban/east area) have more familial economic power than their rural and middle/west counterparts, indicating the association between modernization and family status of older people is not linear negative. Gender inequality in family power persists. the coresiding elderly’s family power is highly determined by their economic and labor resources and relative socioeconomic status within a family.It is imperative to improve elderly-related social support system, nurture elderly-friendly family culture and focus on multiple disadvantaged subgroups.