40年来中国行业性别构成变化趋势——平等还是隔离?

The Variation Trend of Gender Structure by Sector in the Past 40 Years: Equality or Segregation?

运用D指数和Logistic回归分析方法,对改革开放40年来行业性别构成研究发现,行业性别隔离程度总体增加了一倍,行业总体及内部性别构成的变化趋势并非一成不变,行业性别隔离程度增加年份是减少年份的1.71倍。性别和工作获得途径对性别均衡行业就业机会具有显著影响,接受过高等教育的女性容易在高收入行业就业。建议增加科学研究和技术服务业女性比例,为高学历女性实现科研梦创造条件;通过人力资源市场监管,消除求职应聘对进入性别均衡行业的限制,促进行业内男女协调发展。

This paper analyzed the variation trend of gender structure by sector in the past 40 years by using Ducan Index and Logistic regression model. It is found that gender segregation by sector increased one more times, and the variation trend of gender structure is not fixed. The increase in gender segregation was 1.71 times greater than the decrease. Gender and access to work have a significant impact on employment opportunities in gender-balanced industries, and women who have received higher education tend to find jobs in high-income industries. In order to promote the equal employment rights between men and women by sector, the proportion of female in sector of scientific research and technical services should be increased, and it is necessary to create convenient conditions for intelligent women to achieve their research dream. Through the regulation of human resources market, eliminate the restrictions on employment to enter gender-balanced industries, and promote the coordinated development of men and women in the industry.