库鲁克沙漠风沙地貌与沙丘移动

Aeolian Geomorphology and Dune Migration in the Quruq Desert, China

库鲁克沙漠位于塔里木河下游以东,是塔克拉玛干沙漠的重要组成部分。利用风况资料和Google Earth卫星影像,对该沙漠的风沙地貌及其移动特征进行分析。结果表明:库鲁克沙漠风能环境属于低至中等;合成输沙势方向为西南至西南偏西方向;方向变率属于中等。具有风积和风蚀两种地貌类型,风积地貌类型主要包括平沙地、灌丛沙丘、新月形沙垄、新月形沙丘及沙丘链、复合新月形沙丘和复合型沙丘链,风蚀地貌类型主要为雅丹。沙漠西部新月形沙丘的移动方向为西南偏西方向,与当地合成风向大体一致。沙丘移动速率为9.5~37.8 m·a^-1,呈现明显的空间差异,主要取决于当地风况、沙丘高度和沙丘密度等因素,与沙丘高度和沙丘密度呈指数负相关关系。沙丘的形成发育及其移动是由多种因素相互作用的复杂过程,而这种复杂性塑造了丰富的风沙地貌类型及其区域差异性。

The Quruq Desert is an important part of the Taklimakan Desert,which is located to the east of the Tarim River.At present,there is little research on this desert.In this paper,the aeolian geomorphology and dune migration in the Quruq Desert was analyzed by using wind regime data and Google Earth satellite images.The results indicate that the Quruq Desert belong to low to intermediate wind energy environment.The resultant sand drift potential direction is from SW to WSW.Directional variability belongs to intermediate.There are two types of landforms:aeolian accumulation landforms and wind-eroded landform.Aeolian accumulation landforms include flat sand sheet,shrub-coppice dunes,asymmetric barchanoid ridges,barchans and barchanoid chains,compound barchans and compound barchanoid chains.Wind-eroded landform includes yardangs.The migration direction of barchan dunes in the western Quruq Desert was towards the WSW,approximately in accordance with the local resultant drift direction.The migration rate ranged from 9.5 to 37.8 m·a^-1,showed obvious spatial variation,and depended on the local wind regimes,dune height,and dune density.The rate was negatively exponentially related to the dune height and dune density.Dune evolution and migration are complex processes controlled by interactions among many factors,and this complexity has shaped the rich types of aeolian landforms and their regional difference.