灌溉量和灌溉时期对马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)同化物分配的影响

Influence of Irrigation Regime on Potato Assimilate Distribution Andits Mechanism at Different Developmental Stages

为筛选马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum)各发育阶段适宜的灌溉量,使用遮雨棚和智能控水设施进行严格的灌溉量控制,测定了不同发育阶段不同灌溉量(分别为0.5W、0.75W、W、1.25W、1.5W,W为当地维持25.8%土壤含水率的常用灌溉量)下的马铃薯叶片光合生理指标、根系生理指标、植株农艺性状和干物质积累指标。结果表明:1,5-二磷酸核酮糖羧化酶(RuBP羧化酶)活性在结薯期最高、成熟期最低,在发棵期和结薯期对灌溉量响应差异最显著,在W和1.25W下最高。幼苗期叶片净光合速率(P_n)对灌溉量响应不显著,在发棵期、结薯期和成熟期分别以W、1.25W、0.75W下最高。幼苗期、发棵期、结薯期和成熟期根冠比分别在0.75W、0.5W、0.75W、W下最高。幼苗期0.5W延缓了植株的伸长生长,成熟期灌溉量增加有效促进了植株株高的增长,1.5W下植株最高。地上部分干重在幼苗期、发棵期、结薯期分别在W、1.25W、1.5W下最高,成熟期地上部分干重对灌溉量响应不显著。薯重在幼苗期、发棵期、结薯期、成熟期分别在0.75W、W、1.25W、0.75W下最高。

To choose the proper amount of water supply to potato at different developmental stages,the experiment used shelter and strict control irrigation by intelligent watering control system(0.5 W,0.75 W,W,1.25 W,1.5 W,W is the amount of irrigation commonly used to maintain 25.8%soil moisture content),and the effects of irrigation amount at different developmental stages on the photosynthetic physiology,root physiology,agronomic traits,assimilate accumulation and distribution of potato were discussed.The results showed that the activity of 1,5-ribulose biphosphate carboxylase(RuBP Case)was the highest in the tuber period and the lowest in the maturity stage.RuBP carboxylase activity in the response to irrigation amount was the most significantly different in the tillering stage and maturity period,which was the highest in W and 1.25 W.Leaf net photosynthetic rate in seedling stage was not significant under different irrigation amount at seedling stage,yet under tillering stage,tuber period and maturity stage W,1.25 W and 0.75 W amount of irrigation showed the highest Pn.In seedling stage,tillering stage,tuber period and mature stage the root-shoot ratio was the highest when the irrigation amount were 0.75 W,0.5 W,0.75 W and W respectively,At seedling stage,0.5 W of the control irrigation amount delayed the elongation and growth of the plant;at mature stage,the increase of irrigation amount effectively promoted the growth of plant height,with the highest under 1.5 W.The aboveground dry weight was the highest with W,1.25 W and 0.75 W irrigation amount respectively at the seedling stage,yet in the maturity stage the dry weight of the overground part was not significant among the different irrigation amount.To achieve the most high-yield tuber,in the seedling stage,tillering stage,tuber period and maturity period,the best irrigation amount was 0.75 W,W,1.25 W and 0.75 W respectively.