新生儿肺炎支原体感染的临床特征分析

Clinical characteristics of neonatal Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection

目的 探讨新生儿肺炎支原体(MP)感染的流行病学和临床特征。方法 回顾分析2011年1月至2017年12月因下呼吸道感染(LRTI)住院的1348例新生儿的临床资料,并根据病原学检测结果分为MP感染组和非MP感染组。结果 在1348例患儿中,有135例痰标本检测到MP。135例MP感染组患儿中,19例(14.1%)合并RSV感染;中位年龄22天(范围1~28天),男女比例1.11:1,出生体质量(3550.0±280.0)g,出生胎龄(37.4±6.4)周。与非MP感染组比较,MP感染组出生22~28天新生儿比例高、春季发生率高、发热比例高、呼吸急促比例低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析发现,年龄>14天、发热与新生儿MP感染呈正相关,而呼吸急促与MP感染呈负相关(P<0.05)。结论MP是新生儿呼吸道感染的重要病原体。MP感染新生儿日龄较大、发热多、呼吸急促少。

Objective To explore the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) infection in neonates. Method The clinical data of 1348 neonates hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) from January 2011 to December 2017 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients were divided into MP infection group and non-MP infection group according to the pathogen detection results. Results MP was detected in sputum specimens from 135 neonates in 1348 neonates. Among the 135 MP infected neonates, 19 (14.1%) were simultaneously infected with RSV. In 1348 neonates, the median age was 22 days (ranging from 1 to 28 days), the male to female ratio was 1.11:1, the mean birth weight was (3550.0+280.0) g, and the mean gestational age was (37.4+6.4) weeks. Compared with the non-MP infection group, the ratio of newborns at age of 22-28 days, the incidence in spring and the proportion of fever were higher, and the proportion of shortness of breath was lower in the MP infection group, and the differences were statistically significant (P<0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that age>14 days, fever, and shortness of breath were associated with MP infection in neonates (P<0.05). Conclusion MP is an important pathogen of neonatal respiratory tract infection. Newborns with MP infection were older and had more fever and less shortness of breath.