广州市社区老年人居家不出现状及其影响因素研究

Status and influencing factors of housebound among community elderly in Guangzhou

目的分析广州市社区≥60岁老年人居家不出现状及其影响因素。方法采用分层随机抽样的方法,从广州市11个行政区中抽取5个行政区,在每个行政区中随机抽取1~2个社区,对抽中社区≥60岁居民进行问卷调查,调查内容包括人口学情况、生活习惯、慢性病患病情况、居家不出状态评估量表等。数据采用x^2检验和多因素logistic回归进行分析。结果共调查广州市社区≥60岁老年人484名,70例为居家不出者,居家不出发生率为14.5%。多因素分析结果显示,偶尔体育锻炼或不锻炼(OR=8.457、56.366)、外出时需要他人协助(OR=9.312)、参加社区活动<1次/d(OR=3.658)、无兴趣爱好(OR=2.786)、以及婚姻状况为无配偶(OR=2.771)均为影响社区老年人居家不出发生的影响因素。结论广州市社区≥60岁老年人居家不外出发生率较高。影响社区老年人居家不出的危险因素包括体育锻炼少、参加社区活动频率低、无兴趣爱好等。社区工作人员应重视老年人的社会支持,鼓励其走出家门,从而减少居家不出的发生情况。

Objective To investigate the present situation of housebound elderly in communities of Guangzhou and its influencing factors. Methods Using stratified random sampling method,five districts were chosen from 11 administrative districts in Guangzhou,and then one or two communities were selected from each chosen district. Questionnaire survey was conducted among residents aged 60 years or over in the selected communities. The survey included demographic information,living habits,chronic disease status,and housebound assessment scale. Data were analyzed using the chi-square test or multivariate logistic regression model. Results A total of 484 elderly residents aged 60 years or over in Guangzhou were surveyed,of whom 70 were housebound. The prevalence of the housebound was 14.5%. Multivariate logistic regression showed that less physical exercises(OR=8.457,56.366),need for assistance when going out(OR=9.312),low frequency of participation in community activities(OR=3.658),no hobbies(OR=2.786),and marital status without spouse(OR=2.771)were independent risk factors affecting the occurrence of housebound among the elderly in the community. Conclusions The prevalence of the housebound among the elderly residents aged 60 years or above in Guangzhou was relatively high. Risk factors affecting the occurrence of housebound included less physical exercises,low frequency of participation in community activities,and no hobbies. Community workers should pay more attention to social supports for elderly people,encouraging them to go outdoors,so as to reduce the occurrence of housebound.